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Who Lost The Most Money In Theranos

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American businesswoman and felon (born 1984)

Elizabeth Holmes
Elizabeth Holmes 2014 cropped.jpg

Holmes in 2014
Born

Elizabeth Anne Holmes


(1984-02-03) February iii, 1984 (age 38)

Washington, D.C., U.S.
Pedagogy Stanford University (no degree)
Occupation Businesswoman
Years active 2003–2018
Known for
  • Founder and CEO of Theranos
  • Criminal fraud
Criminal status On bail
Spouse(south)

Billy Evans

​

(thou. 2019)​

(indeterminate spousal relationship status)
Children ane
Relatives
  • Charles Louis Fleischmann (third great-granddaddy)
  • Julius Fleischmann (second neat-granduncle)
Conviction(s)
  • Wire fraud
  • Conspiracy to commit wire fraud
Criminal punishment Awaiting sentencing

Elizabeth Anne Holmes (born February three, 1984) is an American former biotechnology entrepreneur who was convicted of criminal fraud.[1] In 2003, Holmes founded and was the chief executive officeholder (CEO) of Theranos, a now-defunct wellness technology company that soared in valuation later the visitor claimed to have revolutionized blood testing by developing methods that could use surprisingly small volumes of blood, such as from a fingerprick.[ii] [3] Past 2015, Forbes had named Holmes the youngest and wealthiest self-made female billionaire in America on the basis of a $ix-billion valuation of her visitor.[iv] In the following year, as revelations of potential fraud about Theranos's claims began to surface, Forbes revised its estimate of Holmes's net worth to nothing,[5] and Fortune named her in its feature article on "The Globe'due south 19 Most Disappointing Leaders".[6]

The pass up of Theranos began in 2015, when a series of journalistic and regulatory investigations revealed doubts about the company'south engineering claims and whether Holmes had misled investors and the regime. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Commutation Committee (SEC) charged Theranos and Holmes with deceiving investors by "massive fraud" through false or exaggerated claims about the accurateness of the company's blood-testing applied science; Holmes settled the charges by paying a $500,000 fine, returning 18.9 1000000 shares to the company, relinquishing her voting command of Theranos, and accepting a ten-yr ban from serving as an officer or director of a public company.

In June 2018, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and former Theranos chief operating officer (COO) Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani on nine counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, with the victims existence investors and patients.[7] [8] Her trial in the case of U.S. v. Holmes, et al. ended in January 2022 when Holmes was convicted of defrauding investors, and found not guilty of defrauding patients.[nine] She faces upwards to xx years in federal prison, plus potentially millions in restitution and fines, and is scheduled to be sentenced in September 2022.

The brownie of Theranos was attributed in part to Holmes's personal connections and power to recruit the support of influential people, including Henry Kissinger, George Shultz, Jim Mattis, and Betsy DeVos, all of whom had served or would go on to serve as U.S. presidential chiffonier officials. Holmes was in a clandestine romantic relationship with Balwani during most of Theranos's history. Post-obit the collapse of Theranos, she started dating hotel heir Billy Evans, with whom she had a son in 2021.

Holmes's career, the rising and dissolution of her company, and the subsequent fallout are the subject of a book, Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, by The Wall Street Periodical reporter John Carreyrou; an HBO documentary characteristic flick, The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley; and a Hulu miniseries called The Dropout.

Early life

Elizabeth Holmes was built-in February three, 1984, in Washington, D.C.[10] Her male parent, Christian Rasmus Holmes 4, was a vice president at Enron, an energy visitor that later went bankrupt later on an bookkeeping fraud scandal. Her mother, Noel Anne (née Daoust), worked every bit a Congressional commission staffer.[eleven] [ten] Christian later held executive positions in authorities agencies such as USAID, the EPA, and USTDA.[12] [13] Christian Holmes is of Danish beginnings. His second great-gramps (Elizabeth'south third corking-grandfather) Charles Louis Fleischmann was a Hungarian immigrant who founded Fleischmann's Yeast.[14] Among Charles Louis Fleischmann's children were Julius Fleischmann, mayor of Cincinnati from 1900 to 1905 and entrepreneur.[xv]

Holmes attended St. John's School in Houston.[16] During high school, she was interested in computer programming and says she started her showtime business concern selling C++ compilers to Chinese universities.[17] Her parents had arranged Mandarin Chinese home tutoring, and partway through high schoolhouse, Holmes began attending Stanford University's summer Mandarin program.[xviii] [10] As such, Holmes is fluent in Chinese. In 2002, Holmes attended Stanford, where she studied chemical technology and worked as a student researcher and laboratory assistant in the School of Engineering.[11]

After the terminate of her freshman year, Holmes worked in a laboratory at the Genome Institute of Singapore and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-i) through the collection of claret samples with syringes.[17] [19] She filed her first patent application on a wearable drug-delivery patch in 2003.[20] [21] In March 2004, she dropped out of Stanford's School of Engineering science and used her tuition money as seed funding for a consumer healthcare engineering company.[11] [22]

Theranos

Founding

In 2003, Holmes founded the company Existent-Fourth dimension Cures in Palo Alto, California, to "democratize healthcare".[17] [23] [24] [25] Holmes described her fear of needles as a motivation and sought to perform blood tests using merely small amounts of blood.[13] [23] When Holmes pitched the idea to reap "vast amounts of data from a few droplets of blood derived from the tip of a finger" to her medicine professor Phyllis Gardner at Stanford, Gardner responded, "I don't call back your idea is going to work", explaining information technology was impossible to practice what Holmes was claiming could be done. Several other proficient medical professors told Holmes the same thing.[thirteen] Yet, Holmes did not relent, and she succeeded in getting her counselor and dean at the School of Engineering, Channing Robertson, to back her idea.[13]

In 2003, Holmes renamed the company Theranos (a portmanteau of "therapy" and "diagnosis").[26] [27] Robertson became the company's first board member and introduced Holmes to venture capitalists.[eleven]

Holmes was an admirer of Apple founder Steve Jobs, and deliberately copied his mode, frequently dressing in a black turtleneck sweater, as Jobs did.[28] Holmes says her mother dressed her in black turtlenecks when she was immature,[29] simply an employee says she suggested copying Jobs's famous Issey Miyake turtleneck expect in 2007.[30]

During about of her public appearances, she spoke in a deep baritone voice, although a quondam Theranos colleague later claimed he heard her speak in a vocalisation more typical of a woman her historic period to welcome him when he was hired.[31] [32] Gardner of Stanford too denies that Holmes has a naturally deep voice.[33] Her family, notwithstanding, has maintained that her deep vox is authentic.[34] [35]

Funding and expansion

Past December 2004, Holmes had raised $half dozen million to fund the firm.[11] Past the end of 2010, Theranos had more than $92 meg in venture uppercase.[twenty] In July 2011, Holmes was introduced to former secretarial assistant of state George Shultz. Later a two-hour coming together, he joined the Theranos board of directors.[36] Holmes was recognized for forming "the about illustrious lath in U.South. corporate history" over the next three years.[37]

Holmes operated Theranos in "stealth mode" without printing releases or a company website until September 2013, when the company announced a partnership with Walgreens to launch in-shop blood sample collection centers.[38] [39] She was interviewed for Medscape by its editor-in-chief, Eric Topol, who praised her for "this phenomenal rebooting of laboratory medicine".[40] Media attending increased in 2014, when Holmes appeared on the covers of Fortune, Forbes, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, and Inc. [41] Forbes recognized Holmes every bit the world's youngest self-fabricated female billionaire and ranked her #110 on the Forbes 400 in 2014.[42] Theranos was valued at $9 billion and had raised more than than $400 million in venture capital.[11] [43] Past the end of 2014, her proper noun appeared on eighteen U.S. patents and 66 foreign patents.[21] During 2015, Holmes established agreements with Cleveland Dispensary, Capital BlueCross, and AmeriHealth Caritas to use Theranos technology.[twenty]

Downfall

John Carreyrou of The Wall Street Journal initiated a secret, months-long investigation of Theranos subsequently he received a tip from a medical expert who thought that Theranos's Edison blood testing device seemed suspicious. Carreyrou spoke to ex-employee whistleblowers and obtained visitor documents. When Holmes learned of the investigation, she initiated a campaign through her lawyer David Boies to stop Carreyrou from publishing, which included legal and fiscal threats against both the Journal and the whistleblowers.[44] [45]

In October 2015, despite Boies's legal threats and potent-arm tactics, Carreyrou published a "bombshell commodity"[46] detailing how the Edison device gave inaccurate results, and revealing that the company had been using commercially available machines manufactured by other companies for virtually of its testing.[47] Carreyrou connected to report problems with the company and Holmes'due south conduct in a series of articles and, in 2018, published a book titled Bad Claret: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, detailing his investigation of Theranos.[48] [49]

Holmes denied all the claims, calling the Periodical a "tabloid" and promising the visitor would publish data on the accuracy of its tests.[50] [51] She appeared on CNBC'southward Mad Money the same evening the article was published. Cramer said, "The commodity was pretty roughshod", to which Holmes responded, "This is what happens when you lot work to alter things, beginning they retrieve you're crazy, and then they fight you, and so all of a sudden you alter the globe."[52]

In January 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sent a alarm letter to Theranos subsequently an inspection of its Newark, California laboratory uncovered irregularities with staff proficiency, procedures, and equipment.[53] CMS regulators proposed a 2-yr ban on Holmes from owning or operating a certified clinical laboratory later the company had not stock-still problems in its California lab in March 2016.[54] On The Today Show, Holmes said she was "devastated nosotros did not catch and fix these problems faster" and said the lab would be rebuilt with assist from a new scientific and medical informational board.[55] [56]

In July 2016, CMS banned Holmes from owning, operating, or directing a blood-testing service for a period of two years. Theranos appealed that decision to a U.South. Department of Health and Human being Services appeals lath.[thirteen] [57] Soon thereafter, Walgreens ended its relationship with Theranos and closed its in-shop blood collection centers.[58] The U.Southward. Food and Drug Assistants (FDA) also ordered the company to cease use of its Capillary Tube Nanotainer device, one of its core inventions.[59]

In 2017, the State of Arizona filed suit confronting Theranos, alleging that the visitor had sold ane.5 meg blood tests to Arizonans while concealing or misrepresenting important facts almost those tests. In April 2017, the company settled the lawsuit by like-minded to refund the toll of the tests to consumers, and to pay $225,000 in civil fines and attorney fees, for a full of $four.65 one thousand thousand.[sixty] [61] Other reported ongoing actions include an unspecified investigation by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and 2 class action fraud lawsuits. Holmes denied whatsoever wrongdoing.[13]

On May 16, 2017, approximately 99 percent of Theranos shareholders reached an agreement with the visitor to dismiss all current and potential litigation in exchange for shares of preferred stock. Holmes released a portion of her disinterestedness to offset whatsoever dilution of stock value to non-participating shareholders.[62] [63]

In March 2018, the SEC charged Holmes and Theranos's former president, Ramesh Balwani, with fraud past taking more than $700 million from investors while advertising a false product. On March fourteen, 2018, Holmes settled an SEC lawsuit.[64] The charges of fraud included the company'southward false claim that its engineering was being used past the U.S. Department of Defense force in gainsay situations.[65] The company also lied when it claimed to have a $100 million revenue stream in 2014. That yr, the company only made $100,000.[66] The terms of Holmes'due south settlement included surrendering voting control of Theranos, returning 18.ix 1000000 shares to the company, a ban on holding an officer or director position in a public company for 10 years, and a $500,000 fine.[67] [68] [69]

At its height in 2015, Theranos had more than 800 employees.[seventy] It dismissed 340 people in October 2016 and an additional 155 in Jan 2017.[71] In April 2018, Theranos filed a WARN Human action discover with the Country of California, announcing its plans to permanently lay off 105 employees, leaving it with fewer than 2 dozen employees.[lxx] [72] Near of the remaining employees were laid off in August 2018. On September 5, 2018, the visitor announced that it had begun the procedure of formally dissolving, with its remaining cash and assets to be distributed to its creditors.[73]

U.Due south. v. Holmes, et al.

On June fifteen, 2018, following an investigation by the U.S. Attorney'due south Role for the Northern District of California in San Francisco that lasted more than ii years, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and former Theranos principal operating officer and president, Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, on nine counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. Both pleaded not guilty. Prosecutors allege that Holmes and Balwani engaged in 2 criminal schemes, one to defraud investors, the other to defraud doctors and patients.[vii] [74] [75] After the indictment was issued, Holmes stepped down as CEO of Theranos simply remained chair of the lath.[8]

The criminal trial of Holmes in the case of U.S. 5. Holmes, et al. (5:18-cr-00258-EJD) was held in the United states District Court for the Northern District of California. Holmes retained lawyers from Williams & Connolly, a prominent American law firm that specializes in white-neckband crime defense. The trial began on Baronial 31, 2021,[76] after existence delayed for over a yr due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Holmes's pregnancy.[77] The case was prosecuted by the United States Chaser for the Northern Commune of California. Holmes testified in cocky-defense force for 7 days, challenge among other things that she was misled by her staff most the applied science, and that her ex-romantic partner Sunny Balwani, who is besides facing trial, held influence over her during the romantic relationship they had and which was nevertheless ongoing when the alleged criminal acts happened.[78] [79] [80] The case's show outlined Holmes'southward office in faked demonstrations, falsified validation reports, misleading claims nigh contracts, and overstated financials at Theranos.[1]

On January 3, 2022, Holmes was found guilty on four counts of defrauding investors – 3 counts of wire fraud, and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. She was establish non guilty on four counts of defrauding patients – three counts of wire fraud and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. The jury returned a "no verdict" on three counts of wire fraud confronting investors – the judge declared a mistrial on those counts and the government shortly subsequently agreed to dismiss them.[1] [9] [81] [82] Holmes is pending sentencing while remaining 'at liberty' on $500,000 bail, secured with property.[83] [84] She faces a maximum sentence of xx years in prison, and a fine of $250,000, plus restitution, for each count of wire fraud and for each conspiracy count.[76] The sentences would likely be served concurrently thus an effective maximum of 20 years total.[one] Sentencing is scheduled for September 26, 2022.[83] [84]

Co-ordinate to The New York Times, the case "came to symbolize the pitfalls of Silicon Valley'south culture of hustle, hype and greed".[1]

Promotional activities

Holmes partnered with Carlos Slim Helú in June 2015 to improve blood testing in United mexican states.[85] In October 2015, she announced #IronSisters to help women in science, technology, engineering science, and mathematics careers.[86] In 2015, she helped to draft and pass a law in Arizona to allow people obtain and pay for lab tests without requiring insurance or healthcare provider approval, while misrepresenting the accurateness and effectiveness of the Theranos device.[87] [88]

Connections

Theranos'due south lath and investors included many influential figures.[89] [90] Holmes's first major investor was Tim Draper РSilicon Valley venture capitalist and begetter of Holmes'due south babyhood friend Jesse Draper Рwho "cut Holmes a check" for $1 million upon hearing her initial pitch for the firm that would become Theranos.[91] [92] Theranos's pool of major investors expanded to include[90] Rupert Murdoch, the Walton family, the DeVos family including Betsy DeVos, the Cox family unit of Cox Enterprises and Carlos Slim Hel̼. Each of these investors lost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars when Theranos folded.[90]

1 of Holmes's first board members was George Shultz.[93] [91] With Shultz'south early interest aiding Holmes'southward recruitment efforts, the 12-member Theranos board eventually included:[94] Henry Kissinger, a former secretary of state; William Perry, a former secretary of defence; James Mattis, a future secretarial assistant of defence; Gary Roughead, a retired U.S. Navy admiral; Bill Frist, a former U.S. senator (R-TN); Sam Nunn, a former U.S. senator (D-GA); and former CEOs Dick Kovacevich of Wells Fargo and Riley Bechtel of Bechtel.[95] [96]

Recognition

Before the collapse of Theranos, Holmes received widespread acclaim. In 2015, she was appointed a member of the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows[97] and was named one of Fourth dimension magazine's "Time 100 near influential people".[98] Holmes received the Under 30 Doers Award from Forbes and was ranked number 73 in its 2015 list of "the world's most powerful women".[99] [100] She was also named Woman of the Twelvemonth by Glamour and received an Honorary Physician of Humane Messages from Pepperdine University.[101] [102] Holmes was awarded the 2015 Horatio Alger Honour of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, making her its youngest recipient in history.[26] [103] She previously had been named Fortune 's Businessperson of the Year and had been listed in its 40 Under 40 feature.[104] [105]

In 2016, Fortune named Holmes in its article on "The World's 19 Nigh Disappointing Leaders".[6]

Personal life

Holmes at Stanford University, Apr 17, 2013

Holmes was romantically involved with technology entrepreneur Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, a Pakistani-born Hindu who immigrated to Bharat and then the U.s..[106] [107] She met him in 2002 during a trip to Beijing equally office of Stanford Academy'due south Mandarin program. Holmes was 18 at the fourth dimension, and had just graduated from high schoolhouse; Balwani was 19 years older than she was and was married to another woman at the time.[108] [109]

Balwani divorced his wife in 2002[110] and became romantically involved with Holmes in 2003, about the same time Holmes dropped out of university.[108] The couple moved into an flat together in 2005. Although Balwani did not officially join Theranos until 2009, when he was given the title of chief operating officer, he was advising Holmes behind the scenes from the company'southward inception.[108] Holmes and Balwani jointly ran the visitor with a corporate culture of "secrecy and fear" co-ordinate to employees.[108] Their romantic relationship was kept secret for much of their time running the company.[111] Balwani left Theranos in 2016 in the wake of investigations. The circumstances of his departure are unclear; Holmes has stated that she fired him, but Balwani says that he left of his own accord.[108]

On November 29, 2021, Holmes testified that she had been raped while she was a student at Stanford and that she sought solace from Balwani in the aftermath of the incident.[78] [79] She too said Balwani was very decision-making during their romantic relationship, which lasted more than a decade, and at times he berated and sexually abused her.[78] [79] In her testimony, she stated he also wanted to "impale the person" she was and create a "new Elizabeth".[78] All the same, she too testified that Balwani had non forced her to make the false statements to investors, business partners, journalists and company directors that had been described in the case.[112] In court filings, Balwani has "categorically" denied corruption allegations, calling them "false and inflammatory."[113]

Before the March 2018 settlement, Holmes owned half of Theranos's stock.[17] Forbes listed her as i of America'due south Richest Cocky-Made Women in 2015 with a net worth of $4.5 billion.[43] In June 2016, Forbes released an updated valuation of $800 one thousand thousand for Theranos, which fabricated Holmes's pale essentially worthless, because other investors owned preferred shares and would have been paid before Holmes, who endemic merely common stock.[5] Holmes reportedly owed a $25 million debt to Theranos in connection with exercising stock options. She did not receive any company cash from the arrangement, nor did she sell any of her shares, including those associated with the debt.[114] [115] [116]

In early on 2019, Holmes became engaged to William "Billy" Evans, a 27-year-one-time heir to Evans Hotels,[117] a family unit-owned group of hotels in the San Diego area.[118] In mid-2019, Holmes and Evans reportedly married in a private ceremony.[119] [120] Holmes and Evans have not directly confirmed whether the two are really married, and several sources continue to refer to him as her "partner" rather than her married man.[121] [122] The couple alive in San Francisco.[118] Holmes gave nascence to a son in July 2021.[122]

In January 2022, NPR obtained a copy of a partial police report from the evening of October 5, 2003, in which Holmes called the police and alleged she was sexually assaulted at a fraternity house at Stanford between 1 a.m. and three a.m. that morning. The police report supported claims fabricated by Holmes during the trial, in which she said: "I was questioning how I was going to be able to procedure that [rape] experience and what I wanted to do with my life, and I decided that I was going to build a life by building [a visitor]." She had started Theranos later on that year. The study written by the deputies who responded to the call was withheld from release, and the partial data obtained past NPR does not identify an alleged perpetrator or other details almost the incident, but identifies the street address of the Sigma Chi fraternity business firm equally the location.[123]

In the media and influences

Holmes has been credited with creating a negative stigma for other women entrepreneurs, particularly in the sciences and health care industries, who are often compared to her. Writing in The New York Times, engineering journalist Erin Griffith commented that "Holmes continues to loom large across the start-upward world considering of the brazenness of her story, which has permeated popular culture," with women entrepreneurs reporting that "the frequent comparisons [to Holmes] are pernicious".[124] Investor and executive Ellen Pao wrote in a New York Times opinion piece that Holmes was targeted for prosecution because of "sexism", and that her trial was a "wake-upwardly phone call for sexism in tech."[125]

Holmes has been featured in a number of media works:[126]

  • In June 2016, Deadline Hollywood first reported that Jennifer Lawrence would play Holmes, in a pic directed by Adam McKay,[127] adjusted from John Carreyrou'south then-unpublished book Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup.[128] In December 2021, The Hollywood Reporter reported that the film would be produced and distributed by Apple Studios, with Legendary Pictures co-producing.[129]
  • In May 2018, author John Carreyrou released the book Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, describing the life of Holmes and the inner workings of Theranos.[130] The film rights to Carreyrou'south volume were purchased by Legendary nearly two years before the book was published.[131]
  • In Jan 2019, ABC News, Nightline, and Rebecca Jarvis released a podcast and documentary about the Holmes story called The Dropout. It included interviews and deposition tapes of primal figures, including Elizabeth Holmes, Sunny Balwani, Christian Holmes (Elizabeth'due south brother), Tyler Shultz (Theranos whistleblower and grandson of Board Member George Shultz), Theranos lath members Bill Frist, Gary Roughead, Robert Kovacevichz and others. The series as well featured an interview with Jeff Coopersmith, the attorney representing Balwani.[132] [91]
  • On March 18, 2019, HBO premiered the documentary The Inventor: Out for Claret in Silicon Valley, a two-60 minutes documentary film start shown at the Sundance Motion-picture show Festival on January 24, 2019. It portrays the claims and promises fabricated by Holmes in the last years of Theranos and how ultimately the company was brought downward past the weight of many falsehoods. The documentary ends in 2018, with Holmes and Balwani indicted for multiple crimes.[133]
  • In June 2021, Season 7, episode 12 of the U.s.a. comedy-drama Younger features a musical number most famous scammers, in which Elizabeth Stanley portrays Holmes.[134]
  • On August 8, 2021, the Australian newsmagazine hour featured the Theranos story and Holmes's upcoming trial.[135]
  • In March 2022, Hulu released a miniseries entitled The Dropout based on the podcast of the same proper name, starring Amanda Seyfried as Holmes.[136] [137]

References

Notes

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  6. ^ a b "The World's 19 Almost Disappointing Leaders". Fortune. March 30, 2016. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
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Works cited

  • Carreyrou, John (2018a). Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN978-1-5247-3165-6. OCLC 1249975944.

Further reading

  • Bilton, Nick (February xx, 2019). "'She Never Looks Dorsum': Inside Elizabeth Holmes'due south Chilling Terminal Months at Theranos". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved February 23, 2019.

External links

  • USPTO list of granted U.S. patents list Holmes equally an inventor (120 patents equally of January 4, 2022)
  • American Masters: The Women's List. PBS. September 25, 2015.
  • Appearances on C-Span
  • Elizabeth Holmes at IMDb
  • Elizabeth Holmes: Lab testing reinvented. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018.
  • Makers: Women Who Make America – Elizabeth Holmes at archive.today (archived September half dozen, 2015)
  • The Theranos Deception. CBS (sixty Minutes). May xx, 2018.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Holmes

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